Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Steve Hanser and Matthias Leu, USGS-FRESC, Snake River Field Station Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Anthropogenic Fragmentation in the western United States Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Other_Citation_Details: Leu, M., S.E. Hanser, S.T. Knick. 2008. The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of anthropogenic impacts. Ecological Applications 18(5): 1119-1139. Online_Linkage: http://sagemap.wr.usgs.gov Description: Abstract: We evaluated the fragmentation of the western United States by anthropogenic features. The addition of roads, railroads, and power lines to wildlands, and the conversion of wildlands to agricultural land and/or urban areas, induces fragmentation. We used the following spatial data sets to model anthropogenic fragmentation: agricultural land, populated areas, power lines, railroads, and roads. Because we were interested in the spatial arrangements of wildland patches and how anthropogenic fragmentation affects wildlife dispersal, we buffered some of these spatial data sets according to their area of influence. For example, the area of influence of interstate highways extends beyond the traffic lanes (Rowland et al. 2000, Brotons and Herrando 2001, Rheindt 2003), we therefore buffered each interstate highway by 1km. Similarly, we reasoned that the area of influence of federal and state highways, railroads and power lines extends well beyond the actual line feature; each anthropogenic feature was therefore buffered by 0.5km. All of these buffered spatial data sets were combined in ARC/INFO using the MERGE command, reclassified to 1 = anthropogenic feature and 0 = wildland, and resampled to 180m resolution. Using this input layer, we performed a moving window analysis to calculate the percentage of cells occupied by anthropogenic features using a 54.5km quadrate as the analysis window (303 * 303 cells, area = 2975 km2). This analysis window size approximates the upper home range size of a sage-grouse (Connelly et al. 2000). Purpose: Estimate the degree of fragmentation caused by development of human features on the landscape. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2008 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -126.251168 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -99.317208 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 49.619578 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.506824 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Fragmentation Theme_Keyword: Anthropogenic Theme_Keyword: Human-caused Theme_Keyword: roads Theme_Keyword: powerlines Theme_Keyword: agriculture Theme_Keyword: railroads Theme_Keyword: urban Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Washington Place_Keyword: Oregon Place_Keyword: California Place_Keyword: Idaho Place_Keyword: Nevada Place_Keyword: Utah Place_Keyword: Arizona Place_Keyword: Montana Place_Keyword: Wyoming Place_Keyword: Colorado Place_Keyword: Wyoming Place_Keyword: New Mexico Place_Keyword: Conservation Assessment Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: None, but the user assumes all responsibility for appropriate use of the data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Steven Hanser Contact_Organization: USGS-FRESC, Snake River Field Station Contact_Position: Wildlife Biologist / GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 970 Lusk St City: Boise State_or_Province: ID Postal_Code: 83706 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 208-426-2892 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 208-426-5210 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: shanser@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 - 5 Security_Information: Security_Classification_System: None Security_Classification: Unclassified Security_Handling_Description: None Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.4.1420 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Dependent on the accuracy of the source data; No further accuracy assessments completed. Logical_Consistency_Report: Dependent on the logical consistency of the data from which this coverage was created. No additional checks for consistency or accuracy was completed on this final product. Completeness_Report: Based on the completeness of the data from which this coverage was created. Review metadata for individual source coverages to assess completeness of each. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Steve Hanser, USGS-FRESC Snake River Field Station Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Interstates in the western United States Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: Leu, M., S.E. Hanser, S.T. Knick. 2008. The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of anthropogenic impacts. Ecological Applications 18(5): 1119-1139. Online_Linkage: http:\\sagemap.wr.usgs.gov Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2000 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Interstates Source_Contribution: Location of Interstates in the western United States Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Steve Hanser, USGS-FRESC Snake River Field Station Publication_Date: 2008 Title: State and Federal Highways in the Western United States Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: Leu, M., S.E. Hanser, S.T. Knick. 2008. The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of anthropogenic impacts. Ecological Applications 18(5): 1119-1139. Online_Linkage: http:\\sagemap.wr.usgs.gov Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2000 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: State and Federal Highways Source_Contribution: Location of state and federal highways in the western United States Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Steve Hanser, USGS-FRESC, Snake River Field Station Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Populated Areas in the Western United States Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Other_Citation_Details: Leu, M., S.E. Hanser, S.T. Knick. 2008. The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of anthropogenic impacts. Ecological Applications 18(5): 1119-1139. Online_Linkage: http:\\sagemap.wr.usgs.gov Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2000 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Populated Areas Source_Contribution: Location of populated areas Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Steve Hanser, USGS-FRESC Snake River Field Station Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Agricultural Lands in the Western United States Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Other_Citation_Details: Leu, M., S.E. Hanser, S.T. Knick. 2008. The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of anthropogenic impacts. Ecological Applications 18(5): 1119-1139. Online_Linkage: http:\\sagemap.wr.usgs.gov Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2000 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Ag Land Source_Contribution: Location of agricultural lands. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Steve Hanser, USGS-FRESC Snake River Field Station Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Powerlines in the Western United States Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: Leu, M., S.E. Hanser, S.T. Knick. 2008. The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of anthropogenic impacts. Ecological Applications 18(5): 1119-1139. Online_Linkage: http:\\sagemap.wr.usgs.gov Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1996 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Power lines Source_Contribution: Location of powerlines Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Steve Hanser, USGS-FRESC Snake River Field Station Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Railroads in the Western United States Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: Leu, M., S.E. Hanser, S.T. Knick. 2008. The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of anthropogenic impacts. Ecological Applications 18(5): 1119-1139. Online_Linkage: http://sagemap.wr.usgs.gov Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2003 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Railroads Source_Contribution: Location of railroads. Process_Step: Process_Description: To model the area of influence of anthropogenic features, we buffered each interstate highway by 1 kilometer and state and federal highways, railroads, and power lines by 0.5 kilometers. Resulting buffers were converted to grids using SHAPEGRID with 180m cell size. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Interstates Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: State and Federal Highways Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Railroads Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Powerlines Process_Date: 200310 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Interstate Buffer Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: State and Federal Buffer Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Railroad buffer Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Powerline buffer Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Steve Hanser Contact_Organization: USGS, Snake River Field Station Contact_Position: Wildlife Biologist / GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 970 Lusk St City: Boise State_or_Province: ID Postal_Code: 83706 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 208-426-2892 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 208-426-5210 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: shanser@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 - 5 Process_Step: Process_Description: Buffered data sets and agriculture and populated areas were combined in Arc/Info using the MERGE command and reclassified to 1 = anthropogenic feature and 0 = wildland. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Interstate buffer Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: State and Federal Highway Buffer Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Railroad buffer Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Powerline buffer Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Ag Land Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Populated Areas Process_Date: 200310 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: fragmodel_hf Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Steve Hanser Contact_Organization: USGS, Snake River Field Station Contact_Position: Wildlife Biologist / GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 970 Lusk St City: Boise State_or_Province: ID Postal_Code: 83706 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 208-426-2892 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 208-426-5210 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: shanser@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 - 5 Process_Step: Process_Description: Using this input layer, a moving window analysis was performed to calculate the percentage of cells occupied by anthropogenic features using a 54.5 kilometer quadrate as the analysis window (303 * 303 cells, area = 2975 km2). This analysis window size approximates the upper home range size of a Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; Connelly et al. 2000, Wildlife Society Bulletin 28:967-985). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Anthropogenic influence Process_Date: 200310 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: fragmodel_hf Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Steve Hanser Contact_Organization: USGS, Snake River Field Station Contact_Position: Wildlife Biologist / GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 970 Lusk St City: Boise State_or_Province: ID Postal_Code: 83706 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 208-426-2892 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 208-426-5210 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: shanser@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 - 5 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell Row_Count: 11358 Column_Count: 11094 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Albers Conical Equal Area Albers_Conical_Equal_Area: Standard_Parallel: 38.000000 Standard_Parallel: 41.000000 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -114.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 34.000000 False_Easting: 0.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 180.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 180.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927 Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866 Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.400000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.978698 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: N/A; N/A for floating point grids Entity_Type_Definition: N/A Entity_Type_Definition_Source: N/A Attribute: Attribute_Label: ObjectID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Percentage of moving window occupied by anthropogenic features Attribute_Definition_Source: User-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: USGS, Snake River Field Station, GIS Laboratory Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 970 Lusk St City: Boise State_or_Province: ID Postal_Code: 83706 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 208-426-5204 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 208-426-5210 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: tom_zarriello@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: We make every effort to provide and maintain accurate, complete, usable, and timely information on our web sites. However, some USGS data and information accessed through these pages may, of necessity, be preliminary in nature and presented prior to final review and approval by the Director of the USGS. These data and information are provided with the understanding that they are not guaranteed to be correct or complete. Users are cautioned to consider carefully the provisional nature of these data and information before using them for decisions that concern personal or public safety or the conduct of business that involves substantial monetary or operational consequences. Conclusions drawn from, or actions undertaken on the basis of, such data and information are the sole responsibility of the user. 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Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20080702 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Steve Hanser Contact_Organization: USGS, Snake River Field Station Contact_Position: Wildlife Biologist (GIS) Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 970 Lusk St. City: Boise State_or_Province: ID Postal_Code: 83706 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 208-426-2892 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 208-426-5210 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: shanser@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 - 5 Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Access_Constraints: none Metadata_Use_Constraints: none Metadata_Security_Information: Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile